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Raspberry Pi

// Set up and maintain Raspberry Pi avoiding common hardware and configuration pitfalls.

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updated:March 4, 2026
SKILL.mdreadonly
SKILL.md Frontmatter
nameRaspberry Pi
descriptionSet up and maintain Raspberry Pi avoiding common hardware and configuration pitfalls.
metadata[object Object]

Power Supply Issues

  • Lightning bolt icon = undervoltage — random crashes, corruption, weird behavior until fixed
  • Pi 4/5 needs 3A+ supply — older 2A adapters cause instability
  • USB peripherals draw from Pi's power budget — use powered hub for multiple devices
  • Official power supply recommended — cheap adapters often can't sustain required amperage

Storage Reliability

  • SD cards fail under heavy writes — databases and logs kill them within months
  • USB boot with SSD for reliability — SD for bootloader only, root on SSD
  • Quality SD cards matter — Samsung EVO, SanDisk Extreme; not generic cards
  • Read-only filesystem for kiosks — prevents corruption on power loss

GPIO Dangers

  • 3.3V logic only — 5V input permanently damages the Pi, no protection
  • Check operating voltage of sensors/modules — many Arduino accessories are 5V
  • Some GPIO used by default — I2C, SPI, UART pins need dtparam to free up
  • Hardware PWM only on GPIO 18 — software PWM on others is less precise

Network Setup Traps

  • WiFi country code required — won't connect without proper regulatory setting
  • Headless SSH: empty file named ssh in boot partition — not ssh.txt
  • Static IP via /etc/dhcpcd.conf — editing wrong file does nothing
  • Don't port forward SSH — use Tailscale, Cloudflare Tunnel, or WireGuard

Docker on Pi

  • ARM images only — linux/arm64 or linux/arm/v7, many images unavailable
  • 32-bit OS limits to 3GB RAM — use 64-bit for 4GB+ models
  • SD card unsuitable for Docker — volume writes accelerate card death
  • Install via curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh — apt version is outdated

Headless Setup

  • Configure hostname, WiFi, user in Raspberry Pi Imager — before first boot
  • Username pi with default password deprecated — create custom user
  • First boot takes 2-3 minutes — filesystem resize, don't panic

Performance Tuning

  • gpu_mem=16 for headless — frees RAM when no display connected
  • ZRAM for swap on low-RAM models — better than SD swap
  • Disable Bluetooth and GUI if unused — saves resources

Troubleshooting Patterns

  • Red light only = power issue — no boot attempt, check supply
  • Green light blinking patterns = specific boot failures — check documentation
  • No HDMI output — connect before powering, Pi doesn't hot-plug HDMI
  • Kernel panic on boot = corrupted SD — reflash image
  • SSH refused — verify SSH enabled, check IP, check firewall