gguf-quantization
GGUF format and llama.cpp quantization for efficient CPU/GPU inference. Use when deploying models on consumer hardware, Apple Silicon, or when needing flexible quantization from 2-8 bit without GPU requirements.
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GGUF - Quantization Format for llama.cpp
The GGUF (GPT-Generated Unified Format) is the standard file format for llama.cpp, enabling efficient inference on CPUs, Apple Silicon, and GPUs with flexible quantization options.
When to use GGUF
Use GGUF when:
- Deploying on consumer hardware (laptops, desktops)
- Running on Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3) with Metal acceleration
- Need CPU inference without GPU requirements
- Want flexible quantization (Q2_K to Q8_0)
- Using local AI tools (LM Studio, Ollama, text-generation-webui)
Key advantages:
- Universal hardware: CPU, Apple Silicon, NVIDIA, AMD support
- No Python runtime: Pure C/C++ inference
- Flexible quantization: 2-8 bit with various methods (K-quants)
- Ecosystem support: LM Studio, Ollama, koboldcpp, and more
- imatrix: Importance matrix for better low-bit quality
Use alternatives instead:
- AWQ/GPTQ: Maximum accuracy with calibration on NVIDIA GPUs
- HQQ: Fast calibration-free quantization for HuggingFace
- bitsandbytes: Simple integration with transformers library
- TensorRT-LLM: Production NVIDIA deployment with maximum speed
Quick start
Installation
# Clone llama.cpp
git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
cd llama.cpp
# Build (CPU)
make
# Build with CUDA (NVIDIA)
make GGML_CUDA=1
# Build with Metal (Apple Silicon)
make GGML_METAL=1
# Install Python bindings (optional)
pip install llama-cpp-python
Convert model to GGUF
# Install requirements
pip install -r requirements.txt
# Convert HuggingFace model to GGUF (FP16)
python convert_hf_to_gguf.py ./path/to/model --outfile model-f16.gguf
# Or specify output type
python convert_hf_to_gguf.py ./path/to/model \
--outfile model-f16.gguf \
--outtype f16
Quantize model
# Basic quantization to Q4_K_M
./llama-quantize model-f16.gguf model-q4_k_m.gguf Q4_K_M
# Quantize with importance matrix (better quality)
./llama-imatrix -m model-f16.gguf -f calibration.txt -o model.imatrix
./llama-quantize --imatrix model.imatrix model-f16.gguf model-q4_k_m.gguf Q4_K_M
Run inference
# CLI inference
./llama-cli -m model-q4_k_m.gguf -p "Hello, how are you?"
# Interactive mode
./llama-cli -m model-q4_k_m.gguf --interactive
# With GPU offload
./llama-cli -m model-q4_k_m.gguf -ngl 35 -p "Hello!"