Cypress
// Write reliable E2E and component tests with Cypress avoiding flaky selectors, race conditions, and CI failures.
Setup
On first use, read setup.md for integration guidelines.
When to Use
User needs E2E tests, component tests, or API tests with Cypress. Agent writes tests, debugs flaky specs, configures CI/CD, and creates custom commands.
Architecture
Project tests live in the standard Cypress structure:
cypress/
├── e2e/ # E2E test specs
├── component/ # Component tests (if enabled)
├── fixtures/ # Test data JSON files
├── support/
│ ├── commands.ts # Custom commands
│ ├── e2e.ts # E2E support file
│ └── component.ts # Component support file
└── downloads/ # Downloaded files during tests
cypress.config.ts # Main configuration
Quick Reference
| Topic | File |
|---|---|
| Setup process | setup.md |
| Memory template | memory-template.md |
| Selectors & queries | selectors.md |
| Custom commands | commands.md |
| Network & API | network.md |
| CI/CD configuration | ci.md |
Core Rules
1. Selectors: data-testid First
// ✅ Resilient — survives refactors
cy.get('[data-testid="submit-btn"]')
cy.get('[data-cy="user-list"]')
// ❌ Fragile — breaks on style/structure changes
cy.get('.btn-primary.submit')
cy.get('#root > div > form > button:nth-child(3)')
cy.get('button').contains('Submit') // OK for text, not structure
Priority order: data-testid > data-cy > aria-* > text content > CSS selectors.
2. Never Use Fixed Waits
// ❌ Flaky and slow
cy.wait(3000)
cy.get('.loader').should('exist')
cy.wait(2000)
// ✅ Wait for actual state
cy.get('.loader').should('not.exist')
cy.get('[data-testid="results"]').should('be.visible')
cy.intercept('GET', '/api/users').as('getUsers')
cy.wait('@getUsers')
3. Intercept Network Requests
// Setup intercepts BEFORE triggering actions
cy.intercept('POST', '/api/login', { statusCode: 200, body: { token: 'abc' } }).as('login')
cy.get('[data-testid="login-btn"]').click()
cy.wait('@login')
4. One Assertion Focus per Test
// ✅ Clear failure message
it('shows error on invalid email', () => {
cy.get('[data-testid="email"]').type('invalid')
cy.get('[data-testid="submit"]').click()
cy.get('[data-testid="email-error"]').should('contain', 'Valid email required')
})
// ❌ Multiple concerns — unclear which failed
it('validates the entire form', () => {
// Tests 5 different validation rules
})
5. Commands for Repeated Actions
// cypress/support/commands.ts
Cypress.Commands.add('login', (email: string, password: string) => {
cy.session([email, password], () => {
cy.visit('/login')
cy.get('[data-testid="email"]').type(email)
cy.get('[data-testid="password"]').type(password)
cy.get('[data-testid="submit"]').click()
cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard')
})
})
// Usage
cy.login('user@example.com', 'password123')
6. Fixtures for Test Data
// cypress/fixtures/user.json
{
"validUser": { "email": "test@example.com", "password": "Test123!" },
"adminUser": { "email": "admin@example.com", "password": "Admin123!" }
}
cy.fixture('user').then((users) => {
cy.login(users.validUser.email, users.validUser.password)
})
7. Isolation: Reset State Before Tests
beforeEach(() => {
cy.intercept('GET', '/api/notifications', { body: [] })
cy.clearCookies()
cy.clearLocalStorage()
// Or: cy.task('db:seed') if using database reset
})
Common Traps
| Trap | Consequence | Fix |
|---|---|---|
cy.wait(ms) fixed delays | Flaky tests, slow CI | Use cy.intercept().as() + cy.wait('@alias') |
| CSS selectors for actions | Break on redesign | Use data-testid attributes |
| Test interdependence | One failure cascades | Each test must setup its own state |
| Asserting too early | False positives | Chain .should() to auto-retry |
Forgetting baseUrl | Hardcoded URLs everywhere | Set baseUrl in config |
| Skipping viewport tests | Mobile bugs in prod | Add cy.viewport() tests |
| Ignoring retry-ability | Flaky assertions | Use Cypress queries, not jQuery |
Debugging
Time Travel
Click any command in the Command Log to see DOM snapshot at that moment.
Pause and Step
cy.get('[data-testid="item"]').then(($el) => {
debugger // Opens DevTools
})
// Or
cy.pause() // Pause execution, step manually
Console Debugging
cy.get('[data-testid="items"]')
.should('have.length.gt', 0)
.then(($items) => {
console.log('Found items:', $items.length)
})
Configuration
cypress.config.ts Essentials
import { defineConfig } from 'cypress'
export default defineConfig({
e2e: {
baseUrl: 'http://localhost:3000',
viewportWidth: 1280,
viewportHeight: 720,
defaultCommandTimeout: 10000,
requestTimeout: 10000,
retries: { runMode: 2, openMode: 0 },
video: false, // Enable for CI debugging
screenshotOnRunFailure: true,
setupNodeEvents(on, config) {
// Plugins here
},
},
component: {
devServer: {
framework: 'react', // or 'vue', 'angular', etc.
bundler: 'vite', // or 'webpack'
},
},
})
TypeScript Support
// cypress/support/commands.ts
declare global {
namespace Cypress {
interface Chainable {
login(email: string, password: string): Chainable<void>
getByTestId(testId: string): Chainable<JQuery<HTMLElement>>
}
}
}
Cypress.Commands.add('getByTestId', (testId: string) => {
return cy.get(`[data-testid="${testId}"]`)
})
Running Tests
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
npx cypress open | Interactive mode |
npx cypress run | Headless (CI) |
npx cypress run --spec "cypress/e2e/login.cy.ts" | Single spec |
npx cypress run --headed | Headless but visible |
npx cypress run --browser chrome | Specific browser |
External Endpoints
This skill does not call external APIs. Cypress runs entirely locally or in your own CI environment.
Security & Privacy
Data that stays local:
- All test code and fixtures remain in project directory
- Cypress runs locally or in your own CI environment
This skill does NOT:
- Send data to external services
- Require API keys or authentication
- Access files outside project directory
Note: Cypress Cloud (optional, paid) can receive test results if configured with CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY. This skill does not configure or recommend it.
Related Skills
Install with clawhub install <slug> if user confirms:
playwright— alternative E2E frameworktypescript— TypeScript best practicesjavascript— JS fundamentals and patternsreact— React component testing
Feedback
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